U.S. Immigrant Resource Hub

It is possible ICE could conduct an immigration enforcement action at these locations, but you still have rights in these areas. (For churches, please visit "Responding to ICE in Places of Worship")

On January 20, 2025, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security rescinded a policy of the Biden administration that protected certain “sensitive” areas (schools, healthcare facilities, places of worship, playgrounds, bus stops, social service facilities, weddings, funerals, parades, etc.) from most immigration enforcement actions.

Areas of a church where all are welcome, such as worship spaces and lobbies, would generally permit entry to anyone, including law enforcement. You should be prepared to exercise your rights (see “What rights do non-citizens have?” above) if questioned by ICE in one of these areas. ICE will still need consent or a judicial warrant to enter private areas (such as staff offices) within these spaces to conduct a search or arrest.

If you are concerned about how a pastor, school administrator, or other staff in a sensitive location may respond to an immigration enforcement action, you can ask if they have a plan. You can also point them to resources such as the Know Your Rights materials above and this new resource developed by National Immigration Law Center.

1. Review “How can my family and I prepare for increased immigration enforcement?” below;
2. If you have legal status, carry proof of it;
3. Carry proof of having been physically in the U.S. for more than 2 years;
4. If you qualify for asylum, apply for it.¹ If you already applied for it, carry proof of having applied (your asylum application receipt notice or the first page of your asylum application stamped by EOIR);
5. If you applied for legal status besides asylum, carry proof of it;
6. Know Your Rights and be aware of your responsibility to obey the law (do not disobey criminal laws or traffic laws). See “What rights do non-citizens have? Know Your Rights” above.
7. Consult with an immigration attorney or accredited representative to see if you qualify for any other immigration benefits.

¹ If you entered the U.S. without authorization and are not currently in removal proceedings, consult with a qualified legal representative about the risk of bringing yourself to the attention of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security by filing an asylum application with U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services. (See "I do not have lawful status and I am not in removal proceedings. I filed an asylum application with U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS). Am I protected from deportation while the application is pending?")

• When questioned by ICE, you have the right to remain silent or tell ICE that you want to talk to your attorney or DOJ accredited representative before you answer their questions. 

• Do not sign anything without first talking with an attorney or DOJ accredited representative or you may lose your right to meet with an attorney or attend an immigration hearing before being deported.  

• If you have lawful status, show ICE proof of your status. If you do not have lawful status, show an identity document that does not include your country of birth or citizenship. 

• If you have proof of being in the U.S. at least two years, provide documentation to ICE.  

• If you have applied for asylum or have another application pending with U.S. Citizenship or Immigration Services, show a copy of the receipt notice to ICE.   

• If you have been in the U.S. for less than two years and you fear returning to your home country, tell the officer you are afraid to return. You should get a Credible Fear Interview.  

• Try to contact your family or a trusted advocate. Tell them as much as possible about where you are and if you know where ICE may send you next.  

• Keep track of important details, including any hearings or court notices. Keep any papers from ICE with you at all times. 

• Ask ICE about release options, such as bond or parole, and how you can apply to be released.  

Expedited removal is a process in which the U.S. Department of Homeland Security seeks to quickly remove unauthorized immigrants without a hearing before an immigration judge. During the Biden administration, expedited removal was limited in scope and mainly applied to certain individuals at or near the border. The U.S. Department of Homeland Security has now designated expansion of expedited removal “to the fullest extent authorized by Congress.” This includes people who entered without inspection or were paroled into the U.S. and have not been continuously present in the U.S. for at least two years.

If I was not admitted into the U.S., how can I prepare to prove that I have been in the U.S. for at least two years? 
Collect strong evidence that you have been present in the U.S. for at least two years. It is important to select documents that do not mention your country of birth or your immigration status, as that information could be used against you. Evidence may include school records, utility bills and other mail showing your name and address, leases, tax returns, date-stamped photographs of you at locations in the U.S., and more. We recommend consulting a qualified immigration attorney or Department of Justice-accredited representative if you need help determining which documents to use. Carry this information with you and ensure that your loved ones know how to access copies of these documents quickly if you are detained by ICE.

If I am placed in expedited removal proceedings, what can I do?
You will likely have very little time to prepare to speak with the immigration officer making a decision about your case, so it is important that you:

1. Request to speak with your lawyer or Department of Justice-accredited representative right away. Keep their phone number with you or memorize it so you are able to contact them as soon as possible.
2. Ask if you are in expedited removal or regular removal proceedings. If you are in expedited removal, you should receive Form I-860, “Notice and Order of Expedited Removal.” If you are being placed in regular removal proceedings, you will receive Form I-862, “Notice to Appear.”
3. If you have lawful immigration status, tell the officer and provide proof of your status.
4. If you have been in the U.S. more than two years, tell the immigration officer that and provide the officer with the evidence you prepared. If the documents are not with you, contact a trusted loved one who has lawful immigration status to submit them for you.
5. If you are afraid of returning to your home country, it is important that you tell the officer “I am afraid to return to my country” so you have an opportunity to have a Credible Fear Interview. If you pass the Credible Fear Interview, you will have an opportunity to apply for asylum or other forms of relief from removal.

Yes, you could be detained at the check-in. To prepare, review these questions and answers in the Immigration Enforcement section above:

• How can my family and I prepare for increased immigration enforcement?
• What can I do if my loved one is detained?
• What should I do if I am detained by ICE?

If you have a medical condition that requires medication or treatment, take documentation to your check-in, in case you are detained.

You do not have to speak to the officer. You can also refuse to sign any documents before talking to a lawyer. You can hand the officer a Red Card (available in many languages) to exercise your rights.

If the officer says you are being placed in expedited removal, and you are afraid of returning to Afghanistan, it is important that you tell the officer you are afraid to return to Afghanistan. If the officer says you will be deported to a different country, and you are afraid of going to that country, it is important that you tell the officer you are afraid. (For more information, see above: What is expedited removal – does this mean I can be deported without a hearing before an Immigration Judge?)

U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) has indicated it will seek to place some individuals granted humanitarian parole into expedited removal proceedings. Individuals who have been in the U.S. less than 2 years, whose parole has been terminated, and have no other authorization to remain in the U.S., can be placed in expedited removal. (see “What is expedited removal . . .?” above).

If you are already in regular removal proceedings before the immigration court, DHS may seek termination of your court case so it can quickly handle your case under the expedited removal process. If you are currently in removal proceedings, it is important to consult with an experienced removal defense attorney or fully accredited Department of Justice representative to strategize about how to respond if DHS seeks to move your case into expedited removal.

Asylum is a lawful status and that cannot be changed by the President. Asylum is an “indefinite” status and does not expire. Asylees should apply for green cards as they become eligible, as advised by their legal advisors. At the appropriate time asylees may also apply for naturalization to become a U.S. citizen.  

It is VERY unusual for asylees to lose their asylum status. But asylees, like all other non-citizens, can be in danger of having their status revoked and being deported from the U.S. The main reasons asylum can be revoked are:   

• If you lied to get asylum (travelling back to your country before you are a U.S. citizen can make the U.S. government question your fear of return); 

• If you get convicted for a serious crime or participate in terrorism or other activities that threaten U.S. national security; 

• If circumstances in your home country change so much that it becomes safe for you to go home, or if another country makes an agreement with the U.S. to offer you asylum, the U.S. government could terminate your asylum. These are some reasons why it is important to get a green card as soon as you are eligible. 

How will I know if the U.S. government is trying to revoke my asylum?  

If you were granted asylum by U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) and it is seeking to revoke your asylum status, you will receive a Notice of Intent to Terminate and an opportunity to challenge the termination before an asylum officer. If the asylum officer decides to terminate your asylum, you will then have the right to a hearing with a judge. 

If you were granted asylum by an immigration judge and Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) is seeking to terminate your asylum status, ICE must ask the immigration court to reopen your court case. If the judge grants the motion, you will then receive a hearing date to be able to explain to the judge why you should keep your asylum status or should be granted some other relief from removal.  

Can the government detain and deport me without a hearing in court? 

No. If you are an asylee, you will have the right to see a judge and defend your case. 

If my asylum is terminated, will that also affect my family’s status in the U.S.?  

If your asylum is terminated, the termination will also affect your derivative asylees who have not already received their green cards.  

Lawful permanent residency (“green card”) allows you to remain in the U.S. indefinitely, as long as you abide by the conditions of your status. The vast majority of green card holders do not need to worry about their green card being revoked, but here are the primary reasons it could be revoked:

· Certain criminal convictions,

· Activities that are national security concerns,

· Lying to get your green card, or

· Abandoning your permanent residence in the U.S. through extended travel outside the U.S.

If the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) believes you are deportable for one of these reasons, DHS must prove this to a judge in immigration court before you can be deported. You could be detained until your immigration court case is finished. If the judge determines you are deportable, you will have a chance to apply for relief from removal.

Sometimes DHS mistakenly gives someone a green card even though the person did not qualify. In these cases, DHS may seek to rescind (take back) your green card. This can only happen within 5 years of the grant of your green card. If DHS is trying to rescind your green card, it will send you a Notice of Intent to Rescind (“NOIR”). If you receive a NOIR, consult an attorney or Department of Justice Accredited Representative. You will have the option to request a hearing before an immigration judge before your green card is rescinded.

If you have a conditional green card, such as a 2-year green card based on marriage, your status could automatically end if you do not file the paperwork needed by the required deadline. If your conditional status is terminated, you will have the chance to prove to an immigration judge that you complied with the requirements. In some cases, special waivers are available.

If you have questions about your status, consult with a Department of Justice Accredited Representative or immigration attorney.

I am worried I may be deported because of my criminal record. What should I do?

If you have a criminal record and fear you might be a target for ICE, first consult with an immigration attorney with experience in criminal convictions. When choosing a legal representative, ask if the attorney has experience representing individuals with criminal convictions in removal proceedings.

Keep documents relating to your criminal record in a safe place.

Additionally, ensure that you obey the law, including traffic rules while driving and make sure your headlights are working properly.

If you are currently required to report for check-ins with a probation officer, it is possible that ICE could detain you at your probation check-in. See “What should I do if I am detained by ICE?” above.

If you are planning to travel internationally, consult with a qualified immigration law practitioner before departing the U.S. There may be risks involved in returning to the U.S. even if you have minimal criminal history.

Should I apply for citizenship now?

If you have been in the U.S. long enough to apply for citizenship, discuss your risks with an attorney or Department of Justice Accredited Representative before applying for naturalization.

Here are some links to templates and other resources:

• Deportation Preparation Manual for Immigrant Families - available in English, Spanish
• Family Preparedness Plan - available in English, Chinese, and Spanish. Focuses on California residents.
• Safety Planning
• Emergency Planning Guide – available in English and Spanish
• Create an Emergency Plan - available in English, Spanish, and Haitian Creole
• Make a Plan: Essential Steps for Migrant Parents for Preventing Family Separation – available in English and Spanish
• Families United DC Metro - focuses on DC metro area but much is relevant for other geographic areas. Translation available into 14 languages by clicking in the upper right corner. 

Consult the plan

If your loved one provided you with an emergency preparedness plan, consult the plan and follow the action steps.

Locate them:

• If you are not sure where they are being held, search the ICE Detainee Locator for persons 18 years or older. You will need their A-number (an 8 or 9 digit number assigned by the U.S. government) and country of birth, or all of the following: first name, last name, and country of birth (date of birth is optional). Please note the online Locator will only work if the information you input matches ICE’s information exactly.
• When you locate your loved one, you can contact the detention facility to schedule calls or visits. The facility may only allow for virtual visits.
  • You can also ask the facility the processes for (1) setting up phone accounts for your loved one to call you, and (2) sending your loved one money for any food or basic necessities while in detention.

Exercise caution in conversations with them: If your loved one contacts you after apprehension by ICE, do not discuss their country of birth or immigration status over the phone. ICE can listen to these conversations. Your loved one should only discuss these topics, as well as any criminal history, with their attorney or DOJ Accredited Representative.

Connect them with legal assistance: If your loved one does not already have an experienced immigration law practitioner assisting them, contact a qualified practitioner to discuss how you can assist your loved one with obtaining representation while they are detained. Here is a nationwide directory of low-cost and free immigration legal service providers.

Check to see if they have a case pending before the Immigration Court:

• Locate their immigration court hearing information at EOIR Automated Case Information by inputting their A-number. Keep checking this regularly if information does not appear initially.

Some individuals do not have a right to a hearing before the Immigration Court.

• If your loved one has an outstanding removal order or prior removal from the U.S., they do not have a right to a hearing and can be deported without a hearing before the judge. You can check for outstanding removal orders and prior removals at EOIR Automated Case Information
• If your loved one does not have lawful status and was convicted of an offense considered an aggravated felony under immigration law, they are not entitled to a hearing before removal.
• However, if individuals in the above categories express a fear of return to their country, they are eligible for a Reasonable Fear Interview (RFI) with an Asylum Officer. If they pass the RFI, they can then seek protection from removal in immigration court.
• Individuals who may be subject to expedited removal include those arrested at or near the border without permission to enter the U.S. In expedited removal proceedings, the individual does not have the right to a hearing before the immigration court. If the individual expresses a fear of returning to their country and pass a Credible Fear Interview, they will either move on to an immigration court hearing or an Asylum Merits Interview.
  • Expedited removal proceedings can happen very quickly, with very little time (often just a few hours) to obtain legal counsel.
  • See "What is expedited removal - does this mean I can be deported without a hearing before an Immigration Judge?" above.

Report raids: If your loved one was apprehended during an immigration raid to a workplace or other location, report this to your city or state’s rapid response network, if there is one. Some networks include:

• California Rapid Response Networks
• Illinois Coalition for Immigrant and Refugee Rights
• Colorado Immigrant Rights Coalition
• Florida Immigrant Coalition
• Search this list for other hotlines

In the past, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security generally has not pursued removal of noncitizens who have a pending application for asylum before USCIS. However, the government can still detain individuals with pending asylum applications and place them in removal proceedings if they have no lawful status. If you are placed in removal proceedings, you may be able to request release from detention. During removal proceedings, you will have a chance to explain your fear of returning to your country. 

If you have a pending asylum application and have any prior criminal history, you may be at heightened risk for arrest and/or detention at this time. We recommend that you visit with a qualified legal immigration practitioner or attorney to obtain a case evaluation and specific advice on your pending asylum matter.

If you were paroled into the U.S. or have been in the U.S. less than 2 years, immigration officers may try to put you in expedited removal proceedings (see “What is expedited removal?” above). To avoid expedited removal, you should carry with you a copy of your asylum application receipt notice from USCIS. If you are represented by a legal representative, also carry their business card or a copy of Form G-28.  

The CBP Home App and self-deport reporting feature was announced on March 10, 2025. Before you decide whether to share your information in the CBP Home App, it is important to discuss your options with an immigration attorney or Department of Justice Accredited Representative. A qualified legal representative can help you explore potential lawful pathways to remaining in the U.S. and consider how leaving the U.S. could affect your ability to return. 

The Laken Riley Act is a law that was signed by President Trump on January 29, 2025, that requires detention of noncitizens who entered unlawfully AND are arrested for, charged with,  convicted of, or admit to committing certain crimes like:

• Theft;
• Burglary;
• Shoplifting;
• Larceny;
• Assaulting a law enforcement officer; or
• Any crime that causes serious bodily injury or death.

The law also allows states to take legal action and sue the federal government if an individual without legal status commits a crime that financially or physically harms the state or any of its residents.

Does the Laken Riley Act apply to me?

If you entered the United States lawfully, then the law does not apply to you.

If you entered the United States unlawfully AND have criminal conduct related to the crimes listed above, then the law does apply to you.

It is not yet clear if this law will be applied retroactively and affect people with a criminal history prior to January 29, 2025. We encourage you to visit with a qualified legal representative if you have prior criminal history to best assess your case and potential options for relief.

What happens if I am undocumented and arrested for one of the crimes mentioned in the Laken Riley Act?

It is likely that you will be detained at an immigration detention facility and will not have the chance to request a bond. Under the law, you will not be released from immigration custody while your case before the Immigration Court is pending.